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1.
Rev. patol. respir ; 24(2): 39-44, abr.- jun. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228292

RESUMO

Los objetivos de este trabajo son estudiar y valorar si han existido cambios en las indicaciones de broncoscopia en la Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria (UER) del Hospital Universitario (H.U.) 12 de Octubre en los últimos años, puesto que se han observado cambios epidemiológicos en distintas patologías respiratorias y se han incorporado nuevas técnicas endoscópicas. Por otra parte y dado que el trasplante pulmonar se introdujo en este hospital en el año 2008, también hemos valorado las diferencias en cuanto a las indicaciones de broncoscopia entre los pacientes sometidos a trasplante frente al resto en un segundo periodo de tiempo. Para realizar el estudio se ha utilizado la base de datos de la Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria del H.U. 12 de Octubre. Se han comparado pacientes de dos periodos de tiempo similares de 5 años: 2003-2008 vs. 2013-2018. En este último grupo se han valorado las diferencias entre los pacientes con trasplante pulmonar frente al resto. En los últimos cinco años se ha observado un mayor requerimiento de técnicas diagnósticas más complejas, una utilización mayoritaria de la sedación y un mayor número de pacientes en régimen hospitalario. Los pacientes con trasplante pulmonar tienen mayor necesidad de exploraciones urgentes y en régimen hospitalario, con mayor requerimiento de técnicas como la biopsia transbronquial y el lavado broncoalveolar. Por tanto como conclusión podemos decir que se han producido cambios en las indicaciones con una mayor complejidad en los últimos cinco años (AU)


Since epidemiologic changes regarding bronchogenic carcinoma had been related and new endoscopic techniques are available, one of the objectives of this study is evaluate the changes in bronchoscopy indications in the Unity of Respiratory Endoscopy of the H.U. 12 de Octubre. On the other hand, since lung transplantation has been introduced in H.U. 12 de Octubre in 2008, another objective is evaluate the differences related to bronchoscopy indication between patients with lung transplantation and not. We have used the database from the Unity of Respiratory Endoscopy of the H.U. 12 de Octubre. We have compared patients from two different periods: 2003-2008 (Period 1) and 2013-2018 (Period 2). We have also evaluated the differences between lung transplantation and not during period 2. Along the last five years we have related the following changes: a larger requirement of diagnostic techniques (TBP, BAL), a main use of sedation and a larger number of patients under hospital admission. As a conclusion, the bronchoscopy has become more complex. Patients with lung transplantation have more necessity of urgent examination under hospital admission and a larger request of specific techniques such as transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Therefore, this patients had entailed changes in the complexity if the bronchoscopy techniques in the last five years (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Pulmão/métodos , Broncoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Rev. patol. respir ; 24(1): 10-15, ene.-mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202338

RESUMO

La linfangioleiomiomatosis (LAM) es una enfermedad pulmonar que se caracteriza por la proliferación de células musculares lisas atípicas en el pulmón y por la destrucción del tejido en forma de quistes. Existen dos formas clínicas de LAM, la esporádica (LAM-S) y la asociada a CET (LAM-CET), esta última es cinco veces más frecuente que la LAM-S, puede tener mutación tanto en el gen TSC1 o en el TSC2, mientras que la LAM-S solo en TSC2. La LAM-S es más sintomática, agresiva, presenta mayor ocupación quística, con peores valores en FEV1 y DLCO, menor número de NP (HMNM) y menor número de AML renales que la LAM-CET. No se han descrito diferencias en cuanto a la histología, fisiopatología, tipo de tratamiento o pronóstico


Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a lung disease characterized by the proliferation of atypical smooth muscle cells in the lung and the destruction of tissue in the form of cysts. There are two clinical forms of LAM, sporadic (LAM-S) and associated with TSC (LAM-CET), the latter is five times more frequent than LAM-S, it may have a mutation in both the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, while LAM-S only in TSC2 while LAM-S is more symptomatic and aggressive with greater cystic occupation, worse FEV1 and DLCO values, fewer pulmonary nodules (PN) and fewer renal AML than form LAM-CET. No differences have been described in terms of histology, pathophysiology, type of treatment or prognosis


Assuntos
Humanos , Linfangioleiomiomatose/diagnóstico , Linfangioleiomiomatose/patologia , Linfangioleiomiomatose/terapia , Prognóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Testes de Função Respiratória
3.
Rev. patol. respir ; 23(3): 114-116, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194923

RESUMO

El síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto por SARS-CoV-2 ha sido una de las causas de requerimiento de intubación orotraqueal (IOT) en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria grave. En los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con dificultad para la desconexión de ventilación mecánica invasiva, se considera la traqueostomía como una opción terapéutica para la progresión respiratoria. La traqueostomía percutánea es una técnica que ofrece varias ventajas en comparación con la quirúrgica, es más rápida, más barata y tiene menos complicaciones de forma global, si bien es cierto que presenta mayor riesgo de laceración o rotura traqueal. Presentamos un caso de rotura traqueal en paciente con neumonía grave SARS-CoV-2 tras traqueostomía percutánea resuelta con manejo conservador y una revisión de la literatura


SDRA secondary due to SARS-Cov 2 infection is one of the causes of tracheal intubation. In patients with acute respiratory failure. In ICU patientes with difficcult weaning of mechanical ventilation tracheostomy is one of the therapeutic approach. Percutaneous tracheostomy have so many advantages instead of surgical tracheostomy wiht less complications rate, cheaper and quicker. One of the complications of this technique is the risk of tracheal rupture. We present a case of tracheal rupture in a patient with severe SARS- Cov-2 pneumonia secondary a percutaneous tracheostomy solved with conservative management and a literatura review


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Iatrogênica , Traqueia/lesões , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Ruptura/etiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Traqueotomia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
4.
Rev. patol. respir ; 23(1): 3-8, ene.-mar. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191887

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue valorar la posibilidad de diagnosticar la Hipertensión Pulmonar (HP) mediante signos en la tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes con EPID que van a ser sometidos a criobiopsia transbronquial (CBxTb) sin necesidad de realizar ecocardiograma transtoracico (EcoC) sistemático y si la existencia de HP en TC influye de manera relevante en el riesgo de complicaciones de sangrado y en las demoras de realización de la técnica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo de casos controles de todos los pacientes en los que se realizó CBxTb en un período de 20 meses. Los controles fueron los pacientes en los que se realizó CBxTb con EcoC previa protocolizada y los casos los pacientes en los que se realizó EcoC pre CBxTb sólo sin había signos de HP en la TC. Analizamos la correlación entre los datos de HP de la TC y EcoC, las complicaciones por sangrado y la demora al procedimiento entre los grupos. RESULTADOS: Se han realizado 40 CBxTb. Se incluyeron 16 controles; 12 (75%) sin signos de HP en la TC con una especificidad de ésta en relación al EcoC del 85%, sensibilidad 71% y VPN 82%. Se incluyeron 24 casos y, tras los hallazgos de la TC, sólo se solicitó EcoC preCBxTb a 4 pacientes, de los que 3 resultaron falsos positivos. No hubo diferencias entre grupo de controles y casos en cuanto al sangrado (18,7% vs. 16,7%; p= 0,54) pero si en la demora diagnóstica (62 vs. 37; p= 0,03). CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestra serie de pacientes con EPID y CBxTb consideramos indicada la realización de EcoC sólo en casos con signos de HP en la TC, permitiendo acortar la demora diagnóstica sin aumento de sangrados


INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to assess whether the performance of EcoC only in those patients in which the caliper measurement of the PA on CT suggested the existence ofPAH, relevant influence on the risk of bleeding complications and delays CbxTb conducting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It has been conducted prospective, case-control, of all patients who underwent CbxTb in our unit over a period of 20 months. Defining control group those patients who EcoC was done protocolised, before CbxTb, and cases all patients who EcoC was made only in cases where there were signs of PAH in CT. We analized the correlation in HP diagnosis signs between CT and EcoC data, risk of bleeding and delays in the procedure. RESULTS: We were performed 40 patients. In the control group include 16 patients, CTdetected no signs of HP in 12 (75%) cases, with a specificity of 85%, sensitivity of 71% and negative predictive value of 82%. In our cases group, we include 24 patients, and EcoC was only made before the procedure in 4 cases, 3 of them false positives. No differences in bleeding was found between control and cases groups (18.7% vs. 16.7%; p= 0.54) but for the delays in the procedure was lower in the cases group (62 days vs. 37; p= 0.03) .Conclusion. In our study with interstitial lung disease and CbxTb we conclude that EcoC was indicated only in the cases with PH findings on CT reducing the delays in the procedure without bleeding rate increase


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Criobiologia/métodos , Biópsia/métodos , Criocirurgia/métodos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Ecocardiografia
5.
Rev. patol. respir ; 22(2): 75-77, abr.-jun. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185774

RESUMO

La aspiración de cuerpos extraños es un evento relativamente infrecuente, aunque potencialmente mortal, al que se tienen que enfrentar las unidades de endoscopia respiratoria de forma ocasional. La mayor parte de las aspiraciones ocurren en pacientes con algún factor de riesgo para la misma, principalmente trastornos neurológicos. Los cuerpos extraños aspirados más frecuentemente son de origen orgánico y, dada la disposición anatómica bronquial, tienden a alojarse en el sistema bronquial derecho. Presentamos un caso de nuestro centro de broncoaspiración de material quirúrgico odontológico extraído mediante broncoscopia rígida


Foreign body aspiration is a relatively infrequent situation, although potentially life-threating, to which respiratory endoscopy units have to face occasionally. Most of the aspirations take place in patients with some risk factor for it, mainly neurological disorders. The most frequently aspirated foreign bodies are of organic origin and, given the anatomical bronchial arrangement, tend to lodge in the right bronchial system. We report a case from our hospital of a dental surgery tool aspiration removed using rigid bronchoscopy


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Migração de Corpo Estranho/cirurgia , Broncoscopia/métodos , Brônquios/diagnóstico por imagem
6.
Rev. patol. respir ; 22(1): 22-24, ene.-mar. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185693

RESUMO

La coexistencia de una neoplasia pulmonar, en general carcinoma broncogénico, y un quiste hidatídico simultáneo es una entidad poco frecuente, aunque descrita en la literatura. En nuestro artículo describimos un caso clínico de un paciente con un carcinoma epidermoide y un quiste hidatídico pulmonar en el mismo lóbulo sometido a resección quirúrgica, en un paciente con hidatidosis hepática conocida, junto con una revisión de la literatura. Los hallazgos radiológicos son sugestivos pero sólo los hallazgos histológicos de la cirugía permiten el diagnóstico de confirmación


The coexistence of lung cancer and lung hydatid cyst is exceptional, however there were few cases describe in literature. We describe a clinical case with both entities in the same lobe treated with lung resection and a review of the literature. The radiological suspicion of both entities is essential but only surgery histological findings allows this partnership confirmation


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Equinococose Pulmonar/complicações , Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Equinococose Pulmonar/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia
7.
Rev. patol. respir ; 22(1): 25-28, ene.-mar. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185694

RESUMO

El sarcoma sinovial pleural es una neoplasia de tejidos blandos muy rara. A pesar de su nombre, el tumor generalmente no muestra asociación con cavidades articulares y ha sido descrito en otras localizaciones no sinoviales. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años con inicio de dolor agudo en hemitórax izquierdo, pleurítico, con una masa pleural de 7 cm en radiografía de tórax que tras el diagnóstico histológico mediante punción transtorácica inicia tratamiento quimioterápico y ante la ausencia de adecuada respuesta finalmente se realiza extirpación de éste mediante toracotomía y colocación de prótesis en pared torácica


Synovial pleural sarcoma is a very rare soft tissue neoplasm. Despite its name, the tumor usually shows no association with joint cavities and has been described in other non-synovial sites. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with acute pleuritic pain in left hemithorax, with a lung mass of 7 cm on chest radiography. After histological diagnosis by transthoracic puncture, he started chemotherapy treatment and, in the absence of adequate response, it is finally removed by thoracotomy and placement of thoracic wall prosthesis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Torácicas/cirurgia , Sarcoma Sinovial/diagnóstico , Sarcoma Sinovial/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Toracotomia , Biópsia
8.
Rev. patol. respir ; 21(1): 35-38, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173350

RESUMO

Paciente de 33 años con Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) refractaria al tratamiento en cuarta línea de terapia inmunosupresora, que ingresa por un cuadro de tres semanas de evolución de tos productiva y síntomas constitucionales asociados a un brote de su enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Se realiza una fibrobroncoscopia (FB) en la que se visualizó una mucosa eritematosa, tejido inflamatorio y de aspecto granulomatoso. Se realizaron biopsias bronquiales y finalmente se llegó al diagnóstico traqueobronquitis relacionada a la EC como manifestación extraintestinal


A 33 year-old man with Crohn disease (CD) refractory to usual treatment, actually receiving fourth line of immunosuppressive therapy presented with three weeks of productive cough, constitutional symptoms associated to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) reactivation. A flexible bronchoscopy (FB) was performed and showed erythematous mucosa and exuberant tissue that suggest a granulomatous process. Bronchial specimens were taken and sent to histopathological study, finally diagnosis was made, CD related tracheobronquits as extraintestinal manifestation


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Bronquite/diagnóstico por imagem , Bronquite/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodos , Broncoscopia
9.
BMC Pulm Med ; 16(1): 177, 2016 12 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27931198

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mandatory. The maximum Standard Uptake Value (SUVmax) obtained using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is the best non-invasive technique available for this evaluation, but its performance varies from center to center. The aim of the present study was to identify FDG-PET predictors of mediastinal malignancy that are able to minimize intercenter variability and improve the selection of subsequent staging procedures. METHOD: A multicenter study of NSCLC patients staged through FDG-PET and endobronchial ultrasonography with needle aspiration (EBUS-NA) was performed using therapeutic surgery with systematic nodal dissection as gold standard. Intercenter variability and predictive power for mediastinal malignancy of different FDG-PET measures were assessed, as well as the role of these measures for selecting additional staging procedures. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one NSCLC patients, of whom 94 (72%) had ≥1 hypermetabolic spots in the mediastinum, were included in the study. Mean SUVmax of the primary tumor was 12.3 (SD 6.3), and median SUVmax of the highest hypermetabolic spots in the mediastinum was 3.9 (IQR 2.4-7). Variability of FDG-PET measures between hospitals was statistically significant (p = 0.016 and p < 0.001 respectively), but lost significance when SUVmax in the mediastinum was expressed as a ratio or a subtraction from the primary tumor (SUVmax mediastinum/tumor, p = 0.083; and SUVmax mediastinum - tumor, p = 0.428 respectively). SUVmax mediastinum/tumor showed higher accuracy in the ROC analysis (AUC 0.77 CI 0.68-0.85, p < 0.001), and showed predictive power for mediastinal malignancy when using a 0.4 cutoff (OR 6.62, 95%CI 2.98-14.69). Sensitivities and negative predictive values of clinical staging through EBUS-NA attained values ranging between 57% and 92% after FDG-PET, which improved with additional techniques when the tumor had a diameter >3 cm and/or a SUVmax mediastinum/tumor ratio >0.4. CONCLUSION: The SUVmax mediastinum/tumor ratio is a good predictor of regional tumor extension in NSCLC. This measure is not influenced by intercenter variability and has an accuracy of over 70% for the identification of malignancy when using a 0.4 cutoff.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Mediastino/secundário , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Idoso , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/patologia , Masculino , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Mediastino/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Espanha
10.
J Infect ; 72(6): 738-744, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27025205

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The role of galactomannan (GM) in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has been extensively evaluated in hematological patients, however its performance in non-hematological patients is not well established. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective study in 3 university hospitals in Madrid, Spain between 2010 and 2014. The study population comprised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with immunosuppressive conditions in whom IPA was suspected and for whom BALF GM was available. Patients with hematological disorders were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients (35 with COPD and 153 with immunosuppressive conditions) were analyzed, and 31 cases of IPA (proven or probable) were identified. The global sensitivity of BALF GM (optical density index [ODI] ≥ 1.0) was 77.4%; sensitivity was higher in patients with immunosuppressive conditions than in patients with COPD (81.8% vs 66.7%; p: 0.38). In COPD patients, the best performance was obtained for BALF GM (ODI ≥ 0.5), although sensitivity (88.9%) was similar to that of BALF fungal culture (88.9%). The sensitivity of GM in serum was very poor in both populations (36.4% and 11.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In the present series, the diagnostic performance of BALF GM was good for IPA in non-hematological patients, especially in patients with immunosuppressive conditions.


Assuntos
Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/diagnóstico , Mananas/análise , Adulto , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Feminino , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/microbiologia , Masculino , Mananas/química , Mananas/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
11.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(4): 136-139, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107582

RESUMO

La ecobroncoscopia es una técnica que ha demostrado su utilidad en el estudio y estadificación del carcinoma broncogénico. Su utilidad en otro tipo de lesiones, especialmente en procesos granulomatosos y linfoproliferativos es más discutida. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico de este tipo de lesiones en los primeros meses de actividad en nuestro centro y una breve revisión de los últimos artículos publicados en esta línea (AU)


Endobronchial ultrasound is highly accurate procedure for the examination and staging of lung carcinoma. Its usefulness in other diseases like granulomatous and linfoproliferative illness is less clear. We show our initial experience in the diagnosis of these type of diseases and a short review of the recent articles published (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Endossonografia/métodos , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Linfoma/diagnóstico
12.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(2): 40-44, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-102044

RESUMO

Introducción: La fibrobroncoscopia (FB) es una técnica de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico del nódulo pulmonar solitario (NPS) y de las masas pulmonares. La rentabilidad de la biopsia transbronquial (BTB) es variable y depende de distintos factores como la experiencia del operador. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la rentabilidad de la BTB en el diagnóstico de la lesión pulmonar focal (LPF) maligna coincidiendo con la incorporación de dos nuevos médicos en nuestra Unidad sin experiencia previa en esta técnica, comparando los resultados con los datos previos de nuestro centro.Material y métodos: Se consideró LPF toda lesión pulmonar intraparenquimatosa bien circunscrita, rodeada de tejido pulmonar normal. Se incluyeron los pacientes remitidos desde febrero de 2008 a agosto de 2009 por una LPF (sin lesión endobronquial visible) y diagnóstico definitivo de malignidad. Se estudiaron 85 pacientes.Resultados: La rentabilidad diagnóstica de la BTB fue 0,55. La rentabilidad de la BTB fue mayor en lesiones > 2 cm (≤ 2 cm frente a > 2 cm; 0,38 frente a 0,62; p = 0,02) pero no hubo diferencias según la localización (central frente a periférica; 0,67 frente a 0,54; p = 0,16). La rentabilidad previa era de 0,76; sin diferencias según el tamaño (≤ 2 cm frente a > 2 cm; 0,72 frente a 0,78; p = 0,48), ni la localización (central frente a periférica; 0,83 frente a 0,74; p = 0,39).Conclusión: La experiencia del broncoscopista influye en la rentabilidad diagnóstica de la BTB en LPF malignas (AU)


Introduction: The fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is a useful technique in the diagnosis of focal pulmonary nodules and masses. The profitability of the FB and transbronchial biopsy (TB) is variable and depends on different factors such as the operator's experience. The aim of this study was to determine if the diagnostic profitability of these techniques, in the diagnosis of malignant focal pulmonary lesions (FPL), changed with the incorporation of a new medical staff compared with previous data of our center. Material and methods: A FPL was defined as an intra ¿ parenchymatous pulmonary lesion that is well circumscribed and completely surrounded by healthy lung.We analyzed all the FBs between 02/2008 and 08/2009 in patients with a FPL with a definitive diagnosis of malignancy. 85 patients were included. Results: The diagnostic profitability of the TB was 0.55; it was higher when the FPL was > 2 cm (≤ 2 cm vs > 2 cm; 0.38 vs 0.62; p = 0.02) but no difference was found by site (central vs. peripheral; 0.67 vs 0.54; p = 0.16). The previous profitability of TB was 0.76 without differences by size (≤ 2cm vs > 2 cm; 0.72 vs 0,78; p = 0,48) or site (central vs peripheral; 0.83 vs 0.74; p = 0,39).Conclusion: We conclude that the operator's experience influences in the diagnostic profitability of the TB, in the malignant FPL (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
13.
Rev. patol. respir ; 15(1): 27-29, ene.-mar. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101990

RESUMO

Las metástasis endoluminales de la vía aérea por melanoma son bastante infrecuentes. Presentamos una serie de seis casos de metástasis en tráquea y árbol bronquial por melanoma maligno. De éstos, en cuatro casos se realizó una resección endoscópica y aplicación de láser por producir una obstrucción significativa de la vía aérea con síntomas asociados (AU)


Airway endoluminal Metastasis of malignant melanoma are rare. We present a group of six cases of metastatic malignant melanoma in trachea and bronchial tube, four of them required endoscopic resection and laser therapy to treat secondary symptomatic severe airway obstruction (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica , Melanoma/complicações , Neoplasias do Sistema Respiratório/secundário , Broncoscopia , Terapia a Laser , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia
14.
Ultrasound Med Biol ; 38(1): 62-8, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22137179

RESUMO

The objective of our study was to determine the procedure-related requirements of mediastinal node sampling with endobronchial ultrasonography with real-time transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) that would provide negative predictive value (NPV) for the identification of stage III disease in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) high enough to consider the technique equivalent to cervical mediastinoscopy. Representative EBUS-TBNA was defined as a sampling procedure obtaining satisfactory samples from normal nodes in regions 4R, 4L and 7 or diagnosing malignancy in mediastinal nodes. NPV was estimated using the results of postsurgical staging in patients who underwent surgery as a reference. Two-hundred ninety-six patients staged with EBUS-TBNA were included. Representative samples from regions 4R, 4L and 7 showing nonmalignant cytology were obtained from 98 patients (33.1%) and EBUS-TBNA detected N2/N3 disease in 150 (50.7%). Accordingly, an EBUS-TBNA procedure accomplishing the representativeness criteria required for sampling was attained in 248 of the participating patients (83.8%). The NPV of the procedure in this setting was 93.6%, with false-negative results only found in 5 patients, four of them with nodal metastasis out of the reach of EBUS-TBNA (regions 5, 8 and 9). In conclusion, representative sampling of regions 4R, 4L and 7 is achieved in more than 80% of patients staged using EBUS-TBNA, and in the procedures that attain this requirement a NPV >90% for mediastinal malignancy is reached, a figure equivalent to cervical mediastinoscopy.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prevalência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha/epidemiologia
16.
Rev. patol. respir ; 14(2): 43-48, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98469

RESUMO

Introducción: Los objetivos fueron determinar la rentabilidad microbiológica del lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) e identificar los microorganismos que con mayor frecuencia se aislaron de acuerdo con las poblaciones de riesgo. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron todos los LBA entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2009. En todas las muestras se realizó el protocolo microbiológico (estudio de bacterias, hongos, micobacterias, virus y Pneumocystis jiroveci). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, prioridad de la indicación, servicio solicitante, resultados microbiológicos y complicaciones. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba estadística de Chi cuadrado, considerando estadísticamente significativa una diferencia entre grupos p < 0,05. Resultados: Se efectuaron 244 LBA, de los que fueron positivos el 46,7% (bacterias 15,1%, hongos 16%, micobacterias 2,5%, virus 5,3% y Pneumocystis jiroveci 7,8%). Se dividió a la población en subgrupos de riesgo (trasplante de órgano sólido, infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana [VIH] o sida, enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa con o sin tratamiento inmunosupresor, trastornos hematológicos, enfermedades reumatológicas con tratamiento inmunosupresor, enfermedad tumoral en tratamiento con quimioterapia o radioterapia), y se realizó un análisis de la rentabilidad diagnóstica del LBA en cada uno de ellos. El LBA en pacientes con infección por VIH o sida presentó una mayor frecuencia de virus, hongos y Pneumocystis jiroveci mientras que el LBA en pacientes con trastornos hematológicos presentó una mayor frecuencia de Pneumocystis jiroveci. En los otros subgrupos, no se encontraron diferencias. Conclusión: En la mitad de los LBA realizados se obtuvo un diagnóstico microbiológico definitivo. La enfermedad de base del paciente permite predecir la mayor probabilidad del germen responsable, principalmente en pacientes con VIH positivo y con enfermedades hematológicas (AU)


Introduction: The objectives of this study were to determine the microbiological diagnostic yield of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and to identify the most frequently isolated microorganisms according to the risk populations. Material and methods: All the BALs done between January 2008 and December 2009 were studied. The microbiological protocol was carried out for all the BAL samples (bacteria, fungus, mycobacteria, virus and Pneumocystis jiroveci). Social demographic data, priority of the procedure, unit that required the procedure, microbiological results and complications variables were noted. The Chi square statistical test was used, the results being considered as statistically significant when p <0 05 results: a total of 244 bals were done 46 7 which positive bacteria 15 1 fungus 16 mycobacteria 2 5 virus 3 and pneumocystis jiroveci 8 the population was divided into following risk subgroups: solid organ transplant hiv infection or aids diffuse interstitial lung disease with without immunosuppressant treatment hematologic diseases rheumatologic cancer chemotherapy radiotherapy an analysis bal microbiological diagnostic yield in each group those patients showed higher frequency while hematological no differences found other groups conclusion: almost half carried out final result medical background patient makes it possible to predict responsible germ greater likelihood especially (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Pneumocystis carinii/isolamento & purificação , Transplante de Órgãos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido
17.
Eur Respir J ; 37(1): 136-42, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20817702

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to elaborate a survival model that integrates anatomic factors, according to the 2010 seventh edition of the tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) staging system, with clinical and molecular factors. Pathologic TNM descriptors (group A), clinical variables (group B), laboratory parameters (group C) and molecular markers (tissue microarrays; group D) were collected from 512 early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with complete resection. A multivariate analysis stepped supervised learning classification algorithm was used. The prognostic performance by groups was: areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (C-index): 0.67 (group A), 0.65 (Group B), 0.57 (group C) and 0.65 (group D). Considering all variables together selected for each of the four groups (integrated group) the C-index was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.79), with statistically significant differences compared with each isolated group (from p = 0.006 to p < 0.001). Variables with the greatest prognostic discrimination were the presence of another ipsilobar nodule and tumour size > 3 cm, followed by other anatomical and clinical factors, and molecular expressions of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR), Ki67cell proliferation index and phosphorylated acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. This study on early-stage NSCLC shows the benefit from integrating pathological TNM, clinical and molecular factors into a composite prognostic model. The model of the integrated group classified patients with significantly higher accuracy compared to the TNM 2010 staging.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Idoso , Algoritmos , Área Sob a Curva , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Oncologia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Probabilidade , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 210(9): 457-461, oct. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-82056

RESUMO

Mujer de 57 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial en tratamiento. Es fumadora habitual desde los 18 años con un consumo acumulado de 70 años/paquete. Fue estudiada en la consulta de neumología por clínica de síndrome constitucional objetivándose en la radiografía de tórax una imagen de lesión pulmonar focal en lóbulo superior derecho de más de 3cm de localización periférica. Se realizó una Tomografia Axial Computarizada (TAC) de tórax en el que se confirmó la existencia de una masa pulmonar de 3,3cm, con adenopatías mediastínicas paratraqueales y subcarinales. Posteriormente se realizó una Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET) en la que se confirmó captación patológica de la masa y de ambas localizaciones ganglionares. ¿Qué estudios adicionales le parecen más adecuados para realizar un correcto diagnóstico y estadificación ganglionar? ¿Es posible solo con la broncoscopia establecer un correcto diagnóstico y estadificación del caso?(AU)


A 57-year old woman with arterial hypertension under treatment. She has smoked since she was 18 years old with an accumulated index of 70 years/pack. She was studied in our Respiratory Department due to constitutional syndrome, the X-ray showing an image of focal pulmonary lesion in the right upper lobe of more than 3cm of peripheral location. The computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the existence of a 3.3cm mass in the upper right lobe and detected paratracheal and subcarinal mediastinal abnormal lymph nodes. A subsequent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) confirmed pathological uptake of the mass and both lymph node locations. Which additional studies do you consider to be indicated for a correct diagnosis and mediastinal staging? Do bronchoscopy techniques alone establish the final diagnosis and staging of this patient?(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Broncogênico/cirurgia , Broncoscopia , Biópsia/métodos , Biópsia/tendências , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Carcinoma Broncogênico/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Broncogênico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/complicações
19.
Rev Clin Esp ; 210(9): 457-61, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20846647

RESUMO

A 57-year old woman with arterial hypertension under treatment. She has smoked since she was 18 years old with an accumulated index of 70 years/pack. She was studied in our Respiratory Department due to constitutional syndrome, the X-ray showing an image of focal pulmonary lesion in the right upper lobe of more than 3cm of peripheral location. The computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the existence of a 3.3cm mass in the upper right lobe and detected paratracheal and subcarinal mediastinal abnormal lymph nodes. A subsequent Positron Emission Tomography (PET) confirmed pathological uptake of the mass and both lymph node locations. Which additional studies do you consider to be indicated for a correct diagnosis and mediastinal staging? Do bronchoscopy techniques alone establish the final diagnosis and staging of this patient?


Assuntos
Broncoscopia , Carcinoma Broncogênico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo
20.
Rev. patol. respir ; 13(1): 16-22, ene.-mar. 2010. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98160

RESUMO

Objetivo. Describir la actividad de una de las primeras unidades de endoscopia respiratoria (UER) de nuestro país analizando las indicaciones y técnicas de broncoscopia diagnóstica y terapéutica, y si se han modificado a lo largo de los años. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal de todas las broncoscopias realizadas en nuestra UER desde 01/1992 hasta 05/2009. Para analizar la evolución de las indicaciones dividimos a la población general en cuatro poblaciones agrupadas por orden cronológico según la fecha de la exploración. Para analizar las diferencias en la frecuencia de las distintas técnicas a lo largo del tiempo empleamos el coeficiente Chi cuadrado de Pearson, aceptando como significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados. 30.359 exploraciones (1.785 exploraciones/año); programadas 84,4% y urgentes 15,6%. De éstas, 26.277 (86,5%) fueron diagnósticas, 2.668 (8,8%) terapéuticas y 1.414 (4,6%) intubaciones. Se ha producido un descenso estadísticamente significativo del número de biopsias y cepillados bronquiales con un incremento significativo de las biopsias y punciones transbronquiales. Se han colocado 890 prótesis endoluminales y se han realizado tratamientos con láser en 429 casos. El porcentaje de complicaciones ha sido escaso (0,5%) y la tolerancia de los pacientes con anestesia local fue considerada buena en el 91,1% de casos. Conclusiones. El número de broncoscopias realizadas en nuestra UER es elevado, en especial las terapéuticas. Las indicaciones y técnicas realizadas se han modificado a lo largo de los años de acuerdo con la evolución de la técnica y los cambios de incidencia de diferentes patologías neumológicas (AU)


AIM. To describe the activity of one of the first Respiratory Endoscopy Departments in Spain, analyzing different techniques and indications of flexible and interventional bronchoscopy and its modifications over the years. Material and methods. Transversal study of all bronchoscopies carried out between 01/1992 and 05/2009. To analyze the different techniques along this period, the whole population was divided in four groups according to the date of the technique. The Pearson Chi square trend test was used for statistical comparisons, with p<0.05 considered to indicate a significant result. Results. 30,359 examinations (1,785 examination per year) were done; 84.4% programmed and 15.6% emergencies. For these 26,277 (86.5%) were diagnosis, 2,668 (8.8%) therapeutic and 1,414 (4.6%) intubations. There was a statistically significant decrease of bronchial biopsies and brushings and a statistically significant increase of transbronchial biopsies and punctures. 890 tracheobronchial endoprothesis were placed and 429 laser therapies were executed. Few complications were registered (0.5%) and thopic anaesthesia was well tolerated by most patients (91.1%). Conclusions. The global number of bronchoscopies done in our department is quiet large, especially therapeutic ones. Over the years, indications and different techniques have changed, according to technique evolution and different lung diseases (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Toracoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Biópsia/métodos , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Anestesia Local/métodos
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